Door operator assembly

ABSTRACT

A door operator assembly, comprising an operator unit mounted to a first position, relative to the door, by a first mounting bracket; and an arm linkage connecting the operator unit and a second position, relative to the door; the arm linkage being mounted at the second position by a second mounting bracket.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority on U.S. provisional application No.60/751,623, filed on Apr. 13, 2005. All documents above are hereinincorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to door operators. More specifically, thepresent invention is concerned with a door operator assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Low energy door operators as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 are typicallyused as manual doors. The door opens automatically by an action such aspressing an activation switch.

Installation of a low energy door operator is usually very expensive,since a typical installation requires an installer attaching a header tothe frame of the door, which often requires custom mounting work,installing the operator in the header and installing door arms. Then, alicensed electrician is required to provide power to the door operator.The installer then has to return to complete “tune-in” of the door,including for example adjustments to ensure door meets standardrequirements.

Wind is a common cause of failure for exterior application swing dooroperators. The force of the wind on the door can cause the door torapidly accelerate. When the door reaches the full open position all ofthe energy of the door must be absorbed in a very short period of time.These impact forces cause high stresses on the door operator, door arms,doors, doorframes, and mounting hardware. FIG. 15(a) illustrates astandard door operator mounting above the door, which causes very highstresses on the door arm linkages when the door is fully open and isforced by wind or a user and often causes significant problems since thearms are loaded in bending as well as in tension, causing high stresseson the door operator, causing failure of the operator or requiring theinstallation of an additional door stop.

Most available door operators provide different finishing options on theheader, under the form of a large box, which mounts above the door andcontains all of the electrical and mechanical components, which is astructural member of the system. Each door operator must be customordered to meet a desired finish.

There is a need in the art for door operator that mitigated the problemsof the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

More specifically, there is provided a door operator assembly,comprising an operator unit mounted to a first position, relative to thedoor, by a first mounting bracket; and an arm linkage connecting theoperator unit and a second position, relative to the door; the armlinkage being mounted at the second position by a second mountingbracket.

Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention willbecome more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictivedescription of specific embodiments thereof, given by way of exampleonly with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the appended drawings:

FIG. 1 is a view of a door operator system as known in the art;

FIG. 2 is a close up view of a door operator system as known in the art

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of an operator unit in a door operatorassembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of an output drive unit of the operator unitof FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of an input drive unit of the operator unitof FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 a) is an exploded view and FIG. 7 b) is a sectional view of anintegrated door arm for a door operator assembly according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 8 a) is an exploded view and FIG. 8 b) is a sectional view of adrive arm unit of a door operator assembly according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 9 a) is an exploded view and FIG. 9 b) is a sectional view of anadjustable length shock absorbing arm unit according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 10 is a general view of door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention, mounted in a configuration a knownin the art;

FIG. 11 is a general view of door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention, mounted in a first alternativeconfiguration;

FIG. 12 is a general view of door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention, mounted in a second alternativeconfiguration;

FIG. 13 is cross sectional view of an operator unit in a door operatoraccording to the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a general view of door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention, mounted in a third alternativeconfiguration;

FIG. 15 a is a top view of a linkage of a door operator assembly asknown in the art; FIG. 15 b is a top view of a linkage of a dooroperator assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is an exploded view of a roller assembly of a door operatorassembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a general view of door operator assembly according to anembodiment of the present invention, mounted in a fourth alternativeconfiguration;

DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is illustrated in further details by the followingnon-limiting examples.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, a door operator assembly of the presentinvention comprises an operator unit 10 and a linkage.

The operator unity 10 is connected to a power storage pack 18 andmounted to a first position, relative to a door (not shown in FIG. 3),by a first mounting bracket 12. The linkage connects the operator unit10 and a second position, relative to the door, the linkage beingmounted at this second position by second mounting bracket 20.

The first mounting bracket 12 comprises two posts for example, and is ofreduced dimensions, allowing an easy mounting.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the operator unit 10 comprises an output driveunit 22, an input drive unit with controls 24, a cover 26 and a controlcover 28.

The cover 26 may be used to provide a finished look to the door operatorassembly. It is a non-structural member, and may be easily changed. As aresult, a number of different finishes may be provided, eliminating therequirement for distributors to stock a number of different dooroperator assemblies to meet customer needs. Additionally, the covers canbe replaced without any need to remove the door operator assembly fromthe door, so the covers can be changed to a custom finish at any time.

Power is supplied to the motor 30 by the power storage pack 18. Motorcontrol is achieved by the controller 31 with an integral magnetic oroptical encoder.

The power storage pack 18 is a self-contained power storage pack,comprising batteries or high capacity capacitors for example, oralternative means as known in the art.

The present door operator assembly uses low voltage power. It may bepowered by the power storage pack 18, or a low voltage transformerplugged into an outlet, or both (battery backup). This means that nolicensed electrician or trained installer is required for installationof the present door operator assembly.

As the present door operator assembly is typically used as a manual doorwith occasional activation by remote or push plate, part of the energyused to operate the door manually is recaptured and used to recharge thepower storage pack 18. This allows the batteries to be constantlycharged without having to remove and replace the power storage pack 18.If it is necessary to replace the batteries for charging purposes, thepower storage pack 18 is easily removable.

A low battery LED may be provided as an indicator of low batteries,which may happen for example in case of misapplication of the dooroperator assembly or in case of automatic cycles outnumbering manualcycles required to generate power as will be described hereinafter. Inthis case, an optional plug in transformer may be used.

No wires are required to be run to the door operator assembly. As aresult, the door operator assembly may be mounted according to a rangeof mounting arrangements, described hereinafter. Moreover, by usingRadio Frequency remote control to activate the door operator assembly,the present door operator may be totally self-contained.

As seen in FIG. 5, the output drive unit 22 comprises an output shaft48, a spring assembly, and a planetary gear train.

As seen in FIG. 6, the input drive unit 24 comprises the motor 30, apulley 32 using a belt 34, an output shaft unit and the controller 31.

The pulley 32 is connected to a first stage planetary sun gear 23 (seeFIG. 13). The sun gear 23 drives a first stage planetary gear consistingof three plastic planet gears 38 driving an output carrier 40. Theoutput carrier 40 drives a second set 42 of three planet gears, whichare cut or powdered metal gears driving drives an intermediate carrier44. The intermediate carrier 44 drives a final set of five planetarygears 46, which are cut or powdered metal gears driving the output shaft48.

The use of a pulley and belt arrangement allows for a parallelrotational axis structure of the door operator assembly, which allowsthe motor 30 to be positioned next to the gear train. Alternatively, aset of straight spur or helical spur gears may be used instead of thepulley arrangement to allow for an increased reduction ratio.

As a result, the door operator the door operator assembly is extremelycompact while maintaining high strength and high efficiency. Forexample, the overall dimensions of the operator unit 10 areapproximately 8″ tall, 8″ wide (including battery pack), and 2.5″ thick.

An eccentric is used to load the spring assembly and provide torque toclose the door, which offers the ability to control the force profile ofthe door. As shown in FIG. 5, the output shaft 48 is connected to aneccentric 27. As the output shaft 48 is rotated, the eccentric 27 causesa roller assembly 35, shown in FIG. 16, to move and compress two-nestedhelical compression springs 33 and 37. The linear force of the springs33 and 37 results in a torque in the closing direction on the outputshaft 48. By modifying the profile of the eccentric 27, the torque onthe door can be controlled to be a constant through the range of doormotion.

Alternatively, the profile of the eccentric 27 can be modified toprovide increased torque near the closed position of the door as isoften desired to ensure proper door closing in conditions where there iswind or stack pressures which tend to push the door open. This providesfor a smooth manual opening feel to the user and ensures reliableclosing of the door.

The eccentric 27 design allows the use of robust compression springsinstead of commonly used clock type springs, which are known to failprematurely. Moreover, since clock type springs only provide torque inone direction, door operators using this type of spring system arehanded and require disassembly to reverse the handing thereof. By makingthe profile of the eccentric 27 symmetrical, the present door operatorcan be used in either direction and allows for use of a same dooroperator on either a left or a right hand door.

Interestingly, once the present door operator assembly is installed onthe door, the spring force may be adjusted by a spring adjustment setscrew 39, whereas other door operators require the door arms to berepositioned, the header to be opened for access, or the door operatorto be removed from the header to adjust the spring force.

The spring assembly absorbs energy when the door is opened and storesthat energy for use later in closing the door, which is typicallyrequired to allow the door to close when no power is supplied to thedoor operator assembly, as in a case of power failure for example. Eachtime the door is opened by a person, energy is applied to the door andstored in the spring assembly, the thus stored energy being thenreleased to close the door. The motor is used as a generator, the excessenergy released by the spring assembly is recaptured to be stored in theself-contained power pack, each manual cycle being used to recharge thepower pack.

When the present door operator is battery powered and able to captureenergy on the open cycle by using the motor as a generator, as will bedescribed hereinafter, it is possible to use the power pack totemporarily store the power, instead of a spring. The energy can then bereleased into the motor to close the door. In such an alternativeembodiment, the door operator does not comprise any spring assembly,which reduces the number of parts required and hence the total cost.

In FIG. 3, the linkage comprises a shock absorbing door arm 16 and adrive arm unit 14. The output shaft 48 is supported by a housing 45. Theoutput shaft 48 is connected to the drive arm unit 14 as shown in FIG.5.

As shown in FIG. 8, the drive arm unit 14 comprises a main arm 72, whichhas a spherical bearing 76 at a first end and a shaft coupling assemblyconsisting of a tapered mandrel 75 and two tapered collars 73, 74 heldtogether with three fasteners 77 at a second end. Such tapered couplingbetween the door arm and the output shaft, compared to conventionalsplined or square shape on the output shaft of the operator unit, allowsthe arm to be attached in a range of positions on the door operatoroutput shaft, and provides a robust connection to the output shaft 48.

As shown in FIG. 9, the shock absorbing door arm 16 comprises a solidarm 78 and a hollow arm 85, which are connected through a threadedhousing 80 and a plastic bearing 87 by means of a shock-absorbing medium82, such as a spring or a closed cell polyurethane for example. Ashoulder bolt 84 is used to preload the shock absorbing door arm 16 whenconnected to the solid arm 78. Length adjustment is accomplished byrotating the hollow arm 85 in relation to the threaded housing 80, whichis fixed to the sold arm 78 through two dowel pins 81.

The shock absorbing door arm 16 reduces the impact force frequentlycaused by wind or abuse, which are common causes of system failure.Contrary to hydraulic dampening currently used, wherein an hydraulicfluid is used to control the speed of the door on the closing cycle, theshock absorbing arm allows absorbing the shock occurring when the dooris forced in the full open position, or when wind causes an impact whenthe door hits the open position. In contrast, typical hydraulic systemsfail to absorb an impact when the door is in the open position.

The shock absorbing door arm 16 is attached on a first end to the secondmounting bracket 20, which is mounted on the frame of the door through aspherical bearing 76 (see FIG. 9), and on a second end to the drive armunit 14 as shown in mounting configurations illustrated in FIGS. 10 12,14, 15 for example.

In an alternative mounting arrangement as shown in FIG. 11, the secondmounting bracket 20 is affixed to the door.

As may be seen in FIG. 15 b, the drive arm unit 14 and the shockabsorbing door arm 16 maintain a linear alignment when the door is fullyopened, thereby reducing stress on the door operator assembly and on themounting brackets. People in the art will appreciate that linearalignment of the door arms implies that the arms are in either tensionor compressions, and have no bending loads, which reduces stress on thedoor operator assembly.

Depending on the selected mounting arrangement, the drive arm unit 14and the shock absorbing door arm 16 may be an integrated into an armunit 14′ as shown in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 7, the integrated armunit 14′ comprises a housing 63, a linkage attachment 64, which isconnected to the housing 63 through a bearing support 65 and bearing 69by means of a shoulder bolt 68 held, in place by a heavy spring 66.

The door operator assembly of the present invention incorporates aclosed loop control circuit and a regenerative drive circuit, effectivein both the open and closing directions. The controller constantlymonitors door speed and position, in such a way that if the door beginsto move faster than a predetermined speed, the motor is used as agenerator to remove the energy from the door and slow the door down.This allows the energy to be absorbed over relatively long period oftime and dramatically reduces the forces of the door when the full openposition is reached, as opposed to a traditional door system using astop to absorb impact energy upon the full open position. The excessenergy is used to recharge the power pack.

The regenerative drive circuit also allows gaining energy from a manualopening of the door. Since the controller monitors the speed of thedoor, any excess energy applied by a user to the door can be stored inthe power pack, as a way to eliminate this excess energy from rapidmanual opening, which reduces the stress and wear on the operator unit.

To further reduce abusive forces on the door operator assembly, asdescribed hereinabove, the shock absorbing door arm absorbs the impactof a large, heavy door operating at maximum allowed speed when itreaches full open or if the door is subject to impact by a person orobject.

As mentioned hereinbefore, the use of the regenerative drive circuit inboth the open and close directions of operation allows an alternativewhere the energy storage springs and related components may beeliminated, providing storing the energy from the open cycle in thepower pack for use to provide power to the motor to close the door.

Moreover, the closed loop control circuit whereby the controllercalculates the approximate inertia of the door by monitoring the power(voltage and current) provided to the door and the resulting speed ofthe door, may be used so that the controller automatically set thespeeds and forces of the door to meet standard limitations. This featurein the control of the door ensures safe installation by those notfamiliar with standard requirements and dramatically reduces theinstallation time of the operator.

From the foregoing, it should now be apparent that the present dooroperator assembly is easily installed without expert knowledge.Moreover, being powered by a self-contained power pack, which isrecharged during manual use, it does not require external wiring.

Interestingly, the present door operator assembly may be mounted to adoor without the need for custom work to either the operator unit or themounting surface of the operator unit. Using a separate mounting bracketallows to easily mount the bracket to the door and to apply the operatorunit to the mounting bracket on two guideposts. Provision of alength-adjustable shock absorbing door arm allows easily adjusting thedoor arm length and further facilitate easy installation.

As mentioned hereinabove, depending on the door width and height orcustomer preferences, a range of mounting arrangements may becontemplated.

The first mounting bracket 12 may be mounted in a traditional, above theframe, configuration as shown in FIG. 11, while the second mountingbracket 20 is mounted to the door, the door operator mounting to thefirst mounting bracket 12, which mounts to the top of the doorframe

In FIG. 12, the first mounting bracket 12 is mounted to the oppositeface of the door, to accommodate for in-swing applications, and thesecond mounting bracket 20 mounts to the frame of the door.

In FIG. 17, the first mounting bracket 12 is mounted to the oppositeframe of the door, to accommodate for in-swing applications. In thisembodiment, a track is mounted to the face of the door through a sliderblock.

In FIG. 14, the second mounting bracket 20 is mounted on the doorframe,and the operator unit 10 is mounted to the door by an adaptor 12′.

As shown in FIG. 15 (b), in the full open condition, the linkage is in astraight line so the door arms are in tension only. This means there isno torque on the door operator assembly itself and, since the arms arenot subject to bending, the stress on the door arms is lower. Theshock-absorbing arm further reduces the stress on the door itself.

Therefore, the present door operator assembly, which, instead of beingplaced above a door in a large header, may mount directly between theframe and the door, which dramatically reduces the complexity ofinstallation. Alternative mounting arrangements may be contemplated,depending on customer requirements. Using an optional mounting plate,the present door operator assembly may be mounted to the interior orexterior face of the door, in swing or out swing application, or may bemounted on the interior or exterior above the door, on the doorframe.This allows accommodation of condition where the door operator may notbe mounted in the clear door area, for doors under 36″ for example, fordoor with limited space behind the door, or for doors where the spaceabove the door is limited, in the cases of high doors or low ceilingsfor example.

People in the art will appreciate that mounting the door operatorassembly between the front face of the door and the bottom of the framedramatically simplifies installation, compared with typical dooroperators that mount above the frame and require shimming or reinforcingof the frame. The mounting arrangement between the bottom of the frameand face of the door does not require reinforcing the frame or anyshims, since the frame has existing support where the door operatormounts. A mounting plate may be used depending on the reveal of thedoor. Such mounting arrangement also eliminates issues where not enoughspace over the door is available to mount the door operator assembly.Alternative mounting arrangement comprises mounting the door operatorassembly on the frame above the door or on the in-swing face of thedoor.

From the above, people in the art should now be in a position toappreciate that the present invention provides a door operator assembly,connected to the frame of the door by means of a pivot instead of beingfixedly mounted to the frame of the door or to the face of the door,which allows the door operator assembly to more or less “float” in thedoorway. This mounting arrangement is much simpler than traditionalmounting arrangements in a box above the door, which often requiresreinforcing of the area above the door.

The present door operator assembly may be operated by a power packalone, if desired, since the power pack may be recharged by using themotor as a generator during manual open and spring closing of the dooras described hereinbefore, which allows using only the power pack tooperate the door even though the power pack has a limited energystorage. Such a feature eliminates the need to have a licensedelectrician bring power to the door and eliminates the need for anyelectrical cords to the door operator. It may be further contemplatedhaving the door operator plugged in for doors that are typically poweroperated rather than typically manually operated.

The present door operator assembly may also be used as a power-assisteddoor opener, by supplying only enough power to the door to reduce theforce required to open the door, the door having no minimum hold opentime in this case. The force of the door operator, in a power-assistedmode, is controlled by the amount of current supplied to the motor. Theamount of current is determined in an initial set up of the door to bebelow the amount of current required to open the door under power forexample. Activation of the power assist function occurs when the encoderindicated motion of the door has started.

Alternatively, power assist may be provided by adding measuring thebacklash between the door arm and the motor. When pressure is applied tothe door and the backlash is taken up, the controller applies power tothe door, and, if the backlash is increased, indicating the door isstopped, power may be removed. One method of accomplishing this is byallowing the output stage ring gear to rotationally float plus or minus2-3 degrees. A pin in a slot may be used to limit the rotation with aswitch mounted externally so that when the backlash is taken up, theswitch is actuated. Pushing on the door causes the ring gear to rotateand the switch is actuated. The controller may then be used to providepower to the motor and assist in the opening of the door. If the doormotion stops, the ring gear rotates in an opposite direction anddisengages the switch, thereby eliminating power to the motor. Power isonly supplied to the motor as long as there is some pressure on thedoor.

A method of adjusting the door operator assembly in compliance with ANSI156.19 standard will now be described. This procedure is commonly called“tune-in” of the door.

According to this standard ANSI 156.19, opening and closing speeds ofthe door are related to the size and weight of the door and aredetermined by the equation T=(D*(W)^(1/2))/133, where T is the time inseconds, D is the door width in inches, W is the weight of the door inlbs. The time T is determined by inputting the door width and weightinto the controller by means of a discrete position potentiometer.

Setup of the door operator is initiated by pressing a switch on thecontroller twice with the door in the closed position, thus setting theclose door position. The 90-degree open position is set by manuallyopening the door to the 90-degree position and pressing the button onthe RF transmitter once.

The hold open time of the door is next set by depressing the button onthe RF transmitter the desired number of seconds that the door will beheld open. This completes the position input of the setup.

With the closed loop control circuit described hereinabove, the controlscan automatically calculate the required door speeds and eliminate theneed to manually set the door operator.

The opening force of the door is set by a variable potentiometer anddoes not exceed a predetermined current limit based on the size of thedoor. The maximum closing force, with the power close option, is set bya variable potentiometer and does not exceed a predetermined currentlimit based on the size of the door.

The spring force is set by adjusting the spring adjustment set screw aspreviously described.

Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way ofspecific embodiments thereof, it can be modified, without departing fromthe nature and teachings of the subject invention as described herein.

1. A door operator assembly, comprising an operator unit mounted to afirst position, relative to the door, by a first mounting bracket; andan arm linkage connecting said operator unit and a second position,relative to the door; said arm linkage being mounted at said secondposition by a second mounting bracket.
 2. The door operator assembly ofclaim 1, said operator unit including a motor and a controller, saidcontroller constantly monitoring a speed and a position of the door,wherein, when the door begins to move faster than a predetermined speed,the motor is used as a generator to remove energy from the door and slowthe door down.
 3. The door operator assembly of claim 2, wherein anyexcess energy applied manually to the door is removed from the door. 4.The door operator assembly of claim 3, comprising batteries, said excessenergy being used to recharge said batteries.
 5. The door operatorassembly of claim 3, comprising a low battery indicator.
 6. The dooroperator assembly of claim 1, wherein said controller calculates anapproximate inertia of the door by monitoring a power provided to thedoor and a resulting speed of the door.
 7. The door operator assembly ofclaim 1, wherein said controller automatically sets a speed and a forcesubmitted to the door.
 8. The door operator assembly of claim 1, whereinsaid operator unit comprises a power storage pack for powering the dooroperator.
 9. The door operator of claim 1, activated by Radio Frequencyremote control.
 10. The door operator assembly of claim 1, powered by aself-contained power storage pack.
 11. The door operator assembly ofclaim 1, said operator unit comprising a removable cover.
 12. A dooroperator assembly of claim 1, said first position being selected betweenone of: i) the door and ii) a frame of the door, said second positionbeing one of: i) the door and ii) the frame of the door depending onsaid first position.
 13. The door operator assembly of claim 1, whereinsaid arm linkage comprises a shock absorbing door arm, said shockabsorbing door arm being attached at a first end thereof to said secondmounting bracket and at a second end thereof to said operator unit. 14.The door operator assembly of claim 13, wherein said shock absorbingdoor arm is connected to said operator unit by a drive arm unit, saiddrive arm unit comprising an arm having a spherical bearing at a firstend thereof for connection to said shock absorbing door arm and atapered shaft coupling assembly at a second end thereof for connectionto said operator unit.
 15. The door operator assembly of claim 13,wherein said shock absorbing door arm comprises a solid arm and a hollowarm connected through a threaded housing, said hollow arm rotating inrelation to said threaded housing for length adjustment of said shockabsorbing door arm.
 16. The door operator assembly of claim 15, saidsolid arm and said hollow arm being further connected by ashock-absorbing medium.
 17. The door operator assembly of claim 12, saidsecond mounting bracket being mounted on the frame of the door through aspherical bearing.
 18. The door operator assembly of claim 12, saidsecond mounting bracket being affixed to the door.
 19. The door operatorassembly of claim 1, wherein said arm linkage is linear when the door isfully opened.
 20. The door operator assembly of claim 14, wherein saiddrive arm unit and said shock absorbing door arm are integrated into anintegrated arm unit.
 21. The door operator assembly of claim 1, whereinsaid motor is one of: i) a low voltage brushless DC motor and ii) anironless core DC brush motor.
 22. The door operator assembly of claim 1,said operator unit comprising a spring assembly for storing energy on anopen cycle, the energy being released during a closed cycle.
 23. Thedoor operator assembly of claim 22, wherein an eccentric is used to loadthe spring assembly and provide a torque to close the door.
 24. The dooroperator assembly of claim 23, said eccentric having a symmetricprofile.
 25. The door operator assembly of claim 22, wherein a force ofthe spring assembly is adjustable by a spring adjustment set screw. 26.The door operator assembly of claim 23, wherein a profile of saideccentric is used to control a torque on the door to be a constantthrough a range of door motion.
 27. The door operator assembly of claim23, wherein a profile of said eccentric is used to provide increasedtorque near a closed position of the door.
 28. The door operatorassembly of claim 1, said motor and said controller being low voltagedevices.
 29. The door operator assembly of claim 12, wherein said secondmounting bracket is mounted above the frame of the door, while saidoperator unit is mounted to the door.
 30. The door operator assembly ofclaim 12, wherein said second mounting bracket is mounted on the frameof the door, and said operator unit is mounted to a face of the door.31. The door operator assembly of claim 12, wherein said second mountingbracket is mounted on the door while the operator unit is mounted on theframe of the door.
 32. The door operator assembly of claim 12, whereinsaid second mounting bracket is mounted on the frame of the door, andthe operator unit is mounted to the door by an adaptor.
 33. The dooroperator assembly of claim 1, mounted at one position selected in thegroup consisting of: i) above the door, ii) directly between a frame ofthe door and the door; iii) to an interior face of the door; iv) to anexterior face of the door; in a swing or out swing application.
 34. Thedoor operator assembly of claim 8, wherein said power pack temporarilystores energy for use in closing the door.